I haven't quite set the heater part of it up yet. The central filter part really isn't that important. I've got about half the tanks on central filtration and half on sponge filters, but am leaning toward moving entirely to central filtration in the near future, as its less maintenance. Basically, all the tanks drain into a sump filled with media, as well as a return pump.
My idea is to put into this a small pump that is connected to an aquarium thermostat -- a heater controller. Instead of controlling a heater, it'll control the pump. When the pump is on, it'll pump water through a tankless water heater connected to a propane cylinder -- I may also figure out how to hook it up to my house's gas line, but that's a major renovation. The pump will simply cycle water through the sump. I figure put the pump on the "far" end, and have it return where the main pump is. When it gets too cold, it'll pour hot water in until the system warms up.
The way the tankless works is that when water is flowing, it heats it. When not, it shuts off. They typically use D-Cell batteries, but that's not hard to hack to an AC adapter. Since the pump will only push water when its cold, it'll only heat then.
This is my theory; I haven't tried it yet.
I also have to figure out the costs of propane vs electric for heating, and -- the big one -- figure out just how necessary it is to vent the tankless heater. If its on for brief periods, it's unlikely to produce significant quantities of carbon monoxide, but if the thing is coming on a lot... I may have to worry a bit.